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Pools are portable, you might export a pool in an external storage array and physically connect the pool to another host. As long as the destination is running the same or later version of ZFS, even with a different OS, it can be imported and used. Unlike other filesystems, this portability even extends across hosts with different native byte orders (endianness). The pool has some administrative properties that control its portability and overall behavior. While it’s possible to remove a vdev and relocate the data it’s not ideal and has a long-term memory cost. They should be added in the quantity of the vdev type, 2 for a mirror or perhaps 5 for a RaidZ2. The top level vdevs must all have the redundancy to mitigate disk failure. It is possible to expand a pool at any time by adding more vdevs. Unlike other modular raid systems, you may not compose vdevs in the way that a raid 0+1 might. Pools with many vdevs will perform better by operating them in parallel. The pool allocator will distribute data across the vdevs, favoring vdevs that are empty.

Other exotic vdev types exist to serve performance or reliability needs. The durability of your data will be limited by the amount of parity or redundancy you can dedicate to your vdevs the more parity, the better.

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Replacing disks in wide RaidZ, results in vdevs taking a long time on full systems. RaidZ is related to raid5 parity configurations, but the underlying implementation is slightly different, ensuring it does not suffer from partial write problem that can corrupt data. It is tempting to put all the disks into a single large RaidZ to produce the largest vdev possible for the number of disks you have, but resist the urge. There is ongoing work to address this limitation, but it is not complete yet.

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RaidZ: uses a distributed parity code to allow a number of disks to fail before losing data, up to three, and that number is appended to RaidZ forming the names RaidZ1 RaidZ2 and RaidZ3. RaidZ vdevs are fixed, and once created, they cannot have additional disks added or removed.

Mirror: Mirror vdevs provide the gold standard of redundancy and high speed by pairing disks. They resilver faster, and are more flexible, including allowing the pool to shrink.

Stripe: It’s possible to construct a vdev from a single drive, called a stripe any disk losses will result in the loss of the entire pool.

A vdev is responsible for providing data protection, to allow the pool to suffer individual disk losses without losing data. Disks can be combined into vdevs, or virtual devices, which are the leaves of the storage hierarchy.

So now you have some disks and are ready to try ZFS, you should understand the hierarchy of the ZFS storage architecture. The hierarchy of disks, vdevs, pools, datasets: The FreeBSD installer has an interface allowing ZFS as the root file system, allowing a bootable FreeBSD system on ZFS. Selecting the guided root on ZFS, install will permit graphical selection of disks to include in a pool. This is an easy way to explore ZFS features without an extensive hardware investment. This article will introduce new users to ZFS, and cover some of the new features in the upgrade. FreeBSD 13.0 imported OpenZFS 2.0 replacing the bespoke port that had served since 2007.

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